Python 使用VS code 實作串口助手專案

下面是生成式AI提供的資料與框架，但是無法正確被執行。

目標

使用串口助手專案進行實做下面要求：

1. GUI框架：
   • PySide6：功能豐富，適合大型應用
2. 狀態機實現：
   • 考慮使用transitions庫，它提供了強大的狀態機功能
3. Actor模式實現：
   • 可以使用Pykka庫來實現Actor模式
4. 數據流處理：
   • 考慮使用RxPY（Reactive Extensions for Python）處理數據流
5. 事件驅動編程：
   • 使用PySide6的GUI框架的事件系統
6. 模塊化設計：
   • 使用面向對象編程實現模塊化
7. 測試：
   • 使用unittest或pytest進行單元測試
   • 使用mock庫進行模擬測試
8. 性能優化：
   • 使用Cython或Numba加速計算密集型代碼
   • 考慮使用multiprocessing進行並行處理
9. 依賴管理：
   • 使用virtualenv創建虛擬環境
   • 使用pip管理依賴包
10. 代碼風格：
    • 遵循PEP 8 Python代碼風格指南
    • 使用工具如flake8或pylint檢查代碼風格
11. 版本控制：
    • 使用Git進行版本控制
    • 使用GitLab進行協作
12. 文檔：
    • 使用Sphinx生成文檔
    • 編寫清晰的註釋和文檔字符串
13. 打包和分發：
    • 考慮使用PyInstaller將Python程序打包成獨立的可執行文件

生成式 AI 帶我做

標準檔案結構框架：

serial_assistant/
│
├── src/
│   ├── main.py
│   ├── gui/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── main_window.py
│   │   └── widgets/
│   │       ├── __init__.py
│   │       ├── serial_config.py
│   │       └── data_display.py
│   │
│   ├── core/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── serial_handler.py
│   │   ├── state_machine.py
│   │   └── data_processor.py
│   │
│   ├── actors/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── serial_actor.py
│   │   └── gui_actor.py
│   │
│   └── utils/
│       ├── __init__.py
│       └── helpers.py
│
├── tests/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── test_serial_handler.py
│   ├── test_state_machine.py
│   └── test_data_processor.py
│
├── docs/
│   ├── conf.py
│   ├── index.rst
│   └── api/
│
├── scripts/
│   ├── build.sh
│   └── run_tests.sh
│
├── requirements.txt
├── setup.py
├── README.md
├── .gitignore
└── .flake8

這個結構包含了以下主要部分：

1. src/: 源代碼目錄
   • main.py: 程序入口點
   • gui/: GUI相關代碼
   • core/: 核心功能實現
   • actors/: Actor模式實現
   • utils/: 工具函數
2. tests/: 單元測試目錄
3. docs/: 文檔目錄
4. scripts/: 構建和測試腳本
5. requirements.txt: 依賴包列表
6. setup.py: 打包配置文件
7. README.md: 項目說明文件
8. .gitignore: Git忽略文件
9. .flake8: flake8代碼風格檢查配置

這個結構涵蓋了您提到的大部分需求，包括GUI框架（PySide6）、狀態機、Actor模式、模塊化設計、測試、文檔等。您可以根據實際需求進行調整和擴展。

使用VS Code作為開發IDE時，您可以：

1. 打開整個serial_assistant文件夾作為工作區。
2. 在VS Code中安裝Python擴展。
3. 設置虛擬環境並安裝所需依賴。
4. 使用VS Code的集成終端運行腳本和測試。
5. 利用VS Code的Git集成功能進行版本控制。

階段1: 項目初始化

1. 創建項目目錄:

mkdir serial_assistant
cd serial_assistant

1. 創建虛擬環境:

python -m venv venv
.\\venv\\Scripts\\activate.bat

1. 創建基本文件結構:

mkdir src\\gui\\widgets src\\core src\\actors src\\utils tests docs scripts
type nul > src\\main.py
type nul > src\\gui\\__init__.py
type nul > src\\gui\\main_window.py
type nul > src\\gui\\widgets\\__init__.py
type nul > src\\gui\\widgets\\serial_config.py
type nul > src\\gui\\widgets\\data_display.py
type nul > src\\core\\__init__.py
type nul > src\\core\\serial_handler.py
type nul > src\\core\\state_machine.py
type nul > src\\core\\data_processor.py
type nul > src\\actors\\__init__.py
type nul > src\\actors\\serial_actor.py
type nul > src\\actors\\gui_actor.py
type nul > src\\utils\\__init__.py
type nul > src\\utils\\helpers.py
type nul > tests\\__init__.py
type nul > tests\\test_serial_handler.py
type nul > tests\\test_state_machine.py
type nul > tests\\test_data_processor.py
type nul > docs\\conf.py
type nul > docs\\index.rst
type nul > scripts\\build.sh
type nul > scripts\\run_tests.sh
type nul > requirements.txt
type nul > setup.py
type nul > README.md
type nul > .gitignore
type nul > .flake8

1. 初始化Git倉庫:

git init

1. 編輯.gitignore文件:

# .gitignore
__pycache__/
*.pyc
venv/
.vscode/
*.log
build/
dist/
*.egg-info/

1. 編輯requirements.txt文件:

# requirements.txt
PySide6
transitions
pykka
rxpy
pytest
mock
flake8
sphinx
pyinstaller

1. 安裝依賴:

pip install -r requirements.txt

階段2: 實現基本GUI框架

1. 編輯src/gui/main_window.py:

# src/gui/main_window.py
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QVBoxLayout, QWidget
from .widgets.serial_config import SerialConfigWidget
from .widgets.data_display import DataDisplayWidget

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("Serial Assistant")
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 800, 600)

        central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)

        layout = QVBoxLayout(central_widget)

        self.serial_config = SerialConfigWidget()
        self.data_display = DataDisplayWidget()

        layout.addWidget(self.serial_config)
        layout.addWidget(self.data_display)

1. 編輯src/gui/widgets/serial_config.py:

# src/gui/widgets/serial_config.py
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QWidget, QFormLayout, QComboBox, QPushButton

class SerialConfigWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        layout = QFormLayout(self)

        self.port_combo = QComboBox()
        self.baud_combo = QComboBox()
        self.connect_button = QPushButton("Connect")

        layout.addRow("Port:", self.port_combo)
        layout.addRow("Baud Rate:", self.baud_combo)
        layout.addWidget(self.connect_button)

        # TODO: Populate combo boxes and connect signals

1. 編輯src/gui/widgets/data_display.py:

# src/gui/widgets/data_display.py
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QTextEdit, QPushButton

class DataDisplayWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        layout = QVBoxLayout(self)

        self.data_display = QTextEdit()
        self.data_display.setReadOnly(True)

        self.clear_button = QPushButton("Clear")

        layout.addWidget(self.data_display)
        layout.addWidget(self.clear_button)

        # TODO: Connect signals

1. 編輯src/main.py:

# src/main.py
import sys
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication
from gui.main_window import MainWindow

def main():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

階段3: 實現核心功能

1. 編輯src/core/serial_handler.py:

# src/core/serial_handler.py
import serial
from serial.tools import list_ports

class SerialHandler:
    def __init__(self):
        self.serial = None

    def list_ports(self):
        return [port.device for port in list_ports.comports()]

    def connect(self, port, baud_rate):
        try:
            self.serial = serial.Serial(port, baud_rate, timeout=1)
            return True
        except serial.SerialException:
            return False

    def disconnect(self):
        if self.serial and self.serial.is_open:
            self.serial.close()

    def read_data(self):
        if self.serial and self.serial.is_open:
            return self.serial.readline().decode('utf-8').strip()
        return None

    def write_data(self, data):
        if self.serial and self.serial.is_open:
            self.serial.write(data.encode('utf-8'))

1. 編輯src/core/state_machine.py:

# src/core/state_machine.py
from transitions import Machine

class SerialStateMachine(object):
    states = ['disconnected', 'connected', 'reading', 'writing']

    def __init__(self):
        self.machine = Machine(model=self, states=SerialStateMachine.states, initial='disconnected')

        self.machine.add_transition('connect', 'disconnected', 'connected')
        self.machine.add_transition('disconnect', '*', 'disconnected')
        self.machine.add_transition('start_reading', 'connected', 'reading')
        self.machine.add_transition('stop_reading', 'reading', 'connected')
        self.machine.add_transition('start_writing', 'connected', 'writing')
        self.machine.add_transition('stop_writing', 'writing', 'connected')

    def on_enter_connected(self):
        print("Connected to serial port")

    def on_exit_connected(self):
        print("Disconnected from serial port")

    def on_enter_reading(self):
        print("Started reading from serial port")

    def on_enter_writing(self):
        print("Started writing to serial port")

1. 編輯src/core/data_processor.py:

# src/core/data_processor.py
import rx
from rx import operators as ops

class DataProcessor:
    def __init__(self):
        self.data_subject = rx.subject.Subject()

    def process_data(self, data):
        self.data_subject.on_next(data)

    def get_observable(self):
        return self.data_subject.pipe(
            ops.map(lambda x: x.upper()),  # 例如，將所有數據轉換為大寫
            ops.filter(lambda x: len(x) > 0)  # 過濾掉空字符串
        )

階段4: 實現Actor模式

1. 編輯src/actors/serial_actor.py:

# src/actors/serial_actor.py
import pykka
from core.serial_handler import SerialHandler
from core.state_machine import SerialStateMachine

class SerialActor(pykka.ThreadingActor):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.serial_handler = SerialHandler()
        self.state_machine = SerialStateMachine()

    def connect(self, port, baud_rate):
        if self.serial_handler.connect(port, baud_rate):
            self.state_machine.connect()
            return True
        return False

    def disconnect(self):
        self.serial_handler.disconnect()
        self.state_machine.disconnect()

    def read_data(self):
        if self.state_machine.is_connected():
            self.state_machine.start_reading()
            data = self.serial_handler.read_data()
            self.state_machine.stop_reading()
            return data
        return None

    def write_data(self, data):
        if self.state_machine.is_connected():
            self.state_machine.start_writing()
            self.serial_handler.write_data(data)
            self.state_machine.stop_writing()

1. 編輯src/actors/gui_actor.py:

# src/actors/gui_actor.py
import pykka
from PySide6.QtCore import QObject, Signal

class GuiActor(pykka.ThreadingActor, QObject):
    update_data_signal = Signal(str)

    def __init__(self):
        pykka.ThreadingActor.__init__(self)
        QObject.__init__(self)

    def update_data(self, data):
        self.update_data_signal.emit(data)

階段5: 更新GUI以使用Actor和核心功能

1. 更新src/gui/main_window.py:

# src/gui/main_window.py
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QVBoxLayout, QWidget
from PySide6.QtCore import QTimer
from .widgets.serial_config import SerialConfigWidget
from .widgets.data_display import DataDisplayWidget
from actors.serial_actor import SerialActor
from actors.gui_actor import GuiActor
from core.data_processor import DataProcessor

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("Serial Assistant")
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 800, 600)

        central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)

        layout = QVBoxLayout(central_widget)

        self.serial_config = SerialConfigWidget()
        self.data_display = DataDisplayWidget()

        layout.addWidget(self.serial_config)
        layout.addWidget(self.data_display)

        self.serial_actor = SerialActor.start().proxy()
        self.gui_actor = GuiActor.start().proxy()
        self.data_processor = DataProcessor()

        self.serial_config.connect_button.clicked.connect(self.toggle_connection)
        self.gui_actor.update_data_signal.connect(self.data_display.update_data)

        self.read_timer = QTimer(self)
        self.read_timer.timeout.connect(self.read_serial_data)

    def toggle_connection(self):
        if self.serial_config.connect_button.text() == "Connect":
            port = self.serial_config.port_combo.currentText()
            baud_rate = int(self.serial_config.baud_combo.currentText())
            if self.serial_actor.connect(port, baud_rate).get():
                self.serial_config.connect_button.setText("Disconnect")
                self.read_timer.start(100)  # Read every 100ms
        else:
            self.serial_actor.disconnect()
            self.serial_config.connect_button.setText("Connect")
            self.read_timer.stop()

    def read_serial_data(self):
        data = self.serial_actor.read_data().get()
        if data:
            processed_data = self.data_processor.process_data(data)
            self.gui_actor.update_data(processed_data)

1. 更新src/gui/widgets/serial_config.py:

# src/gui/widgets/serial_config.py
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QWidget, QFormLayout, QComboBox, QPushButton
from core.serial_handler import SerialHandler

class SerialConfigWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        layout = QFormLayout(self)

        self.port_combo = QComboBox()
        self.baud_combo = QComboBox()
        self.connect_button = QPushButton("Connect")

        layout.addRow("Port:", self.port_combo)
        layout.addRow("Baud Rate:", self.baud_combo)
        layout.addWidget(self.connect_button)

        self.populate_combos()

    def populate_combos(self):
        serial_handler = SerialHandler()
        self.port_combo.addItems(serial_handler.list_ports())
        self.baud_combo.addItems(['9600', '19200', '38400', '57600', '115200'])

1. 更新src/gui/widgets/data_display.py:

# src/gui/widgets/data_display.py
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QTextEdit, QPushButton

class DataDisplayWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        layout = QVBoxLayout(self)

        self.data_display = QTextEdit()
        self.data_display.setReadOnly(True)

        self.clear_button = QPushButton("Clear")

        layout.addWidget(self.data_display)
        layout.addWidget(self.clear_button)

        self.clear_button.clicked.connect(self.clear_display)

    def update_data(self, data):
        self.data_display.append(data)

    def clear_display(self):
        self.data_display.clear()

階段6: 添加單元測試

1. 編輯tests/test_serial_handler.py:

# tests/test_serial_handler.py
import unittest
from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
from src.core.serial_handler import SerialHandler

class TestSerialHandler(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.serial_handler = SerialHandler()

    @patch('src.core.serial_handler.list_ports')
    def test_list_ports(self, mock_list_ports):
        mock_list_ports.comports.return_value = [
            MagicMock(device='COM1'),
            MagicMock(device='COM2')
        ]
        ports = self.serial_handler.list_ports()
        self.assertEqual(ports, ['COM1', 'COM2'])

    @patch('src.core.serial_handler.serial.Serial')
    def test_connect(self, mock_serial):
        result = self.serial_handler.connect('COM1', 9600)
        self.assertTrue(result)
        mock_serial.assert_called_once_with('COM1', 9600, timeout=1)

    @patch('src.core.serial_handler.serial.Serial')
    def test_disconnect(self, mock_serial):
        self.serial_handler.serial = MagicMock()
        self.serial_handler.disconnect()
        self.serial_handler.serial.close.assert_called_once()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

1. 編輯tests/test_state_machine.py:

# tests/test_state_machine.py
import unittest
from src.core.state_machine import SerialStateMachine

class TestSerialStateMachine(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.state_machine = SerialStateMachine()

    def test_initial_state(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.state_machine.state, 'disconnected')

    def test_connect_transition(self):
        self.state_machine.connect()
        self.assertEqual(self.state_machine.state, 'connected')

    def test_disconnect_transition(self):
        self.state_machine.connect()
        self.state_machine.disconnect()
        self.assertEqual(self.state_machine.state, 'disconnected')

    def test_start_reading_transition(self):
        self.state_machine.connect()
        self.state_machine.start_reading()
        self.assertEqual(self.state_machine.state, 'reading')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

1. 編輯tests/test_data_processor.py:

# tests/test_data_processor.py
import unittest
from src.core.data_processor import DataProcessor

class TestDataProcessor(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.data_processor = DataProcessor()

    def test_process_data(self):
        processed_data = []
        self.data_processor.get_observable().subscribe(
            on_next=lambda x: processed_data.append(x)
        )

        self.data_processor.process_data("test")
        self.data_processor.process_data("DATA")
        self.data_processor.process_data("")

        self.assertEqual(processed_data, ["TEST", "DATA"])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

1. 更新scripts/run_tests.sh:

#!/bin/bash
# scripts/run_tests.sh
python -m unittest discover tests

階段7: 添加文檔

1. 更新docs/conf.py:

# docs/conf.py
import os
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..'))

project = 'Serial Assistant'
copyright = '2023, Your Name'
author = 'Your Name'

extensions = [
    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
    'sphinx.ext.napoleon',
]

templates_path = ['_templates']
exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']

html_theme = 'alabaster'
html_static_path = ['_static']

1. 更新docs/index.rst:

.. Serial Assistant documentation master file

Welcome to Serial Assistant's documentation!
============================================

.. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
   :caption: Contents:

   modules

Indices and tables
==================

* :ref:`genindex`
* :ref:`modindex`
* :ref:`search`

1. 創建docs/modules.rst:

API Reference
=============

.. automodule:: src.core.serial_handler
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

.. automodule:: src.core.state_machine
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

.. automodule:: src.core.data_processor
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

1. 更新setup.py:

# setup.py
from setuptools import setup, find_packages

setup(
    name="serial_assistant",
    version="0.1",
    packages=find_packages(),
    install_requires=[
        'PySide6',
        'transitions',
        'pykka',
        'rxpy',
        'pyserial',
    ],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
            'serial_assistant=src.main:main',
        ],
    },
)

1. 更新README.md:

# Serial Assistant

A Python-based serial port communication assistant with a graphical user interface.

## Features

- Connect to serial ports
- Read and display data from serial ports
- Send data to serial ports
- Configurable baud rate and port selection

## Installation

1. Clone the repository:
git clone <https://github.com/yourusername/serial_assistant.git>

2. Change to the project directory:
cd serial_assistant

3. Create a virtual environment and activate it:
python -m venv venv
venv\\Scripts\\activate

4. Install the required packages:
pip install -r requirements.txt

## Usage

Run the application:
python src/main.py

## Running Tests

To run the unit tests:
bash scripts/run_tests.sh

## Building Documentation

To build the documentation:
cd docs
make html
The documentation will be available in the `docs/_build/html` directory.

## License

This project is licensed under the MIT License.

階段8: 性能優化

1. 在 src/utils/helpers.py 中添加一個簡單的緩存裝飾器:

# src/utils/helpers.py
from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def cached_function(func):
    return func

您可以使用這個裝飾器來緩存一些耗時的操作，例如在 SerialHandler 中:

# src/core/serial_handler.py
from src.utils.helpers import cached_function

class SerialHandler:
    # ...

    @cached_function
    def list_ports(self):
        return [port.device for port in list_ports.comports()]

    # ...

階段9: 代碼風格檢查

1. 更新 .flake8 文件:

# .flake8

[flake8]

max-line-length = 120 exclude = .git,__pycache__,docs/source/conf.py,old,build,dist,venv

1. 創建一個腳本來運行 flake8:

# scripts/lint.sh
#!/bin/bash
flake8 src tests

階段10: 打包

1. 創建一個 PyInstaller 規格文件 serial_assistant.spec:

# serial_assistant.spec
# -*- mode: python ; coding: utf-8 -*-

block_cipher = None

a = Analysis(['src/main.py'],
             pathex=['src'],
             binaries=[],
             datas=[],
             hiddenimports=[],
             hookspath=[],
             runtime_hooks=[],
             excludes=[],
             win_no_prefer_redirects=False,
             win_private_assemblies=False,
             cipher=block_cipher,
             noarchive=False)
pyz = PYZ(a.pure, a.zipped_data,
             cipher=block_cipher)
exe = EXE(pyz,
          a.scripts,
          [],
          exclude_binaries=True,
          name='serial_assistant',
          debug=False,
          bootloader_ignore_signals=False,
          strip=False,
          upx=True,
          console=True )
coll = COLLECT(exe,
               a.binaries,
               a.zipfiles,
               a.datas,
               strip=False,
               upx=True,
               upx_exclude=[],
               name='serial_assistant')

1. 創建一個打包腳本:

# scripts/build.sh
#!/bin/bash
pyinstaller serial_assistant.spec

1. 更新 src/main.py 以包含主程序入口點:

# src/main.py
import sys
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication
from src.gui.main_window import MainWindow

def main():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

1. 更新 .gitignore 文件以排除打包產生的文件:

# .gitignore
# ... (previous content)
build/
dist/
*.spec

階段11: CI/CD 設置

1. 創建一個簡單的 GitHub Actions 工作流程文件: (這個工作流程將在每次推送和拉取請求時運行測試、代碼風格檢查和構建過程。)

# .github/workflows/main.yml
name: CI

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Set up Python
      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
      with:
        python-version: 3.9
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
        pip install -r requirements.txt
    - name: Run tests
      run: bash scripts/run_tests.sh
    - name: Run linter
      run: bash scripts/lint.sh

  build:
    needs: test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Set up Python
      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
      with:
        python-version: 3.9
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
        pip install -r requirements.txt
    - name: Build package
      run: bash scripts/build.sh
    - name: Archive production artifacts
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
        name: dist
        path: dist

1. 確保所有腳本都是可執行的:

chmod +x scripts/*.sh

1. 提交所有更改到 Git:

git add .
git commit -m "Complete project setup with tests, documentation, and CI/CD"

專案已經完成了以下方面的設置：

1. 核心功能實現
2. GUI 設計
3. 單元測試
4. 文檔生成
5. 性能優化
6. 代碼風格檢查
7. 應用程序打包
8. CI/CD 配置